Women and Islam Essay -- Islamic Females Islam Essays

Women in Islam Religious institution has a profound impact on any and every society. Social norms, mores, and expectations are generally defined by our belief systems, even if we ourselves dont practice a religion. Government too is always based on common proportionateness upon what is right and wrong, and who is to rule. A society can experience violent opposition and revolutions because of radical religious groups. Theres no doubt about it. In any society, small or large, primitive or modern, religious institution plays a leading role. Islam is no exception. This paper will explore three tiny aspects of Islamic society. The low gear is Democracy. Just how incompatible is an Islamic society with democracy? Secondly, how are women treated by Islamic society? Are they treated as equal to men, and why? Lastly, is Islam conducive to human rights? Is this reflected by Islamic governments? All of these questions and more will be considered in the following. Its definitely not the firs t time its been asked. Can Democracy really function in an Islamic society? Some say yes, some say no. save the answer doesnt seem to be quite so black and white. The Muslim countries in the world today are all different, and all concord or feed had different relationships with democracy. In order to better understand the answer to this question, we must look at some of the factors that influence the relationship amidst Islam and Democracy. According to Daniel E. Price, there are seven major categories of influences on the relationship between Islam and Democracy. These are historical influences, regime strength, regime strategy for dealing with policy-making Islam, Islamic political groups, modernization/economics/demographics, politicized sectarian, ethnic, linguistic, or class cleavages, and minority religious groups.In history, there kick in been several notable aspects of society that have influence on Muslim countries. Colonialism has obviously induced a sort of backfiri ng from Radical Islam, and it is for this reason that most Muslim Countries that have had a history of Colonialism have a stronger presence of Radical Islam. These countries include Algeria, Syria, and Egypt. There is a stronger lingering hostility toward ideas attributed to the West (liberalism and democracy) and Westernized classes because of their association with the former colonial overlords. (Price, ... ...rn ideology. There is nothing in the Quran or Sharia that very directly confirms that these three aspects of Islamic society are exactly as we in the West perceive. The problem is that the way that Muslims attend their scriptures is contrary and even offensive to the West and its common ideologies. Lastly, the criticism and influence from the West toward Islamic culture, in addition to historical colonialization, only intensifies their rejection of the West and its criticism, and actually seems to make the problems concerning Democracy, women, and human rights even worse. BibliographyEsposito, John L.1980 Islam and Development Religioni and Sociopolitical ChangeSyracuse University Press Syracuse.Macionis, John J.1992 Society The BasicsLehigh Press, Inc. New Jersey.Price, Daniel E.1999 Islamic Political Culture, Democracy, and benevolent Rights A Comparative StudyPraeger Publishers Connecticut.Spellberg, D.A.1994 Politics, Gender, and the Islamic Past The Legacy of Aisha Bint Abi BakrColumbia University Press New York.Turner, Bryan S. 1974 Weber and IslamWestern Printing Services Ltd long Britain.

STAR: :: essays papers

STAR One such analyse is called Tennessees Student Teacher exercise Ratio (STAR) Project. This study was made in an effort to find out the best number of students for one teacher to teach. STAR was a large-scale, four-year, longitudinal, experimental study of reduced class size (Reduce Class Size Now, 2003 p. 1). This project kept track of 11,600 Tennessee students in 76 schools (Small Class Size, 1999). This study found out a lot of ways that comminuted classes are beneficial. STAR reported in 1997 that students placed in classes of 13 to 17 children, throughout their K-3 years, outperformed students in standard classes of 22 to 25 (Small Class Size, 1999). It was found that if students are placed in smaller classrooms from kindergarten to third grade, they will perform better than students in regular sized classrooms. This is authorized if the students return to a regular sized classroom for forth grade as well (Small Class Size, 1999). The study found that as long as the student spent a full three years in a small classroom, the advantages would be seen. It has also been reported by STAR that the students in the smaller classes were 6 14 months ahead of the students in regular size classrooms. This large gap shows that it is much easier for students to comprehend information in smaller classrooms. A few other benefits from small classes were found, for example, students in small classrooms are 7% more likely to graduate on time. It was also found that students in small classrooms are 4% less likely to drop out of high school (Small Class Size, 1999). Over all, this study showed that lowering class size considerably improved student achievement and was especially effective for poor children (Small Class Size Education Reform that works, 2003 p. 1). With all these positive effects shown by diminution class size, class size reduction should be strongly considered. North Carolina Lab Schools Tennessees Student Teacher Achievement Ratio (STAR) Pr oject is not the only study that has been conducted on the issue of class size. North Carolina has also conducted a study on this issue. North Carolina established three lab schools for the utilisation of providing smaller classes (Harman, 2002). Classes for kindergarten thru second grade range from 14 21 students and for third grade thru fifth grade students, the class size ranged from 11 22.

The Importance of Educational Improvements in California Schools Essay

The Importance of Educational Improvements in California SchoolsThe competitiveness of Ameri basins in this global market is coming to dependon the functions that Americans performthe value they join onwithin the global economy. United States citizens devote a significant portion of their incomes to educate future generations through the taxes they pay, and the resultant expenditures of federal, state, and local governments on education. As the epigraph of this sample suggests active participation in a competitive global economy will be required of future tax payers, if we (the people of California) desire to make believe an environment in our state in which individuals can continue to pursue personal, public, and economic growth. The California Educational Master Plan puts it this way. If unity, equity, quality, and efficiency are to be achieved, the Governor, legislature, and people of California must provide the required financial resources. Moreover, as those responsible for implementing this plan work toward educating the diverse student population of California for a variety of endscitizenship and economic participation among themit behooves teachers, administrators, and policy makers to consider carefully the practical implications of the linguistic diversity of Californias students. This seems especially urgent when we consider the richness of meeting students at their actual level of knowledge and ability, while looking toward developing them into full participants in the American experiment. Specifically, stakeholders must consider the variety of developmental categories and other characteristics of different cultural and linguistic backgrounds if we are to improve teaching and learning in Californias ... ...engagement and research into best practices for teaching LEP students a top priority instead of leaving new teachers struggling to reinvent the wheel in Californias multi-cultural classroom. Such a commitment can only benefit stude nts, the profession of English, and the body politic as a whole. If we fail to teach LEP students comprehensively and explicitly to succeed as English speakers and writers we are undercutting our own political and economic futures. Moreover, a lack of ESL teacher preparation represents a failure to realize the uniqueness of ESL speakers and writers within Californias analyzable (56 distinct languages) teaching environment. And while many teachers will not be called upon to teach an entire course in ESL writing, the fact that 1 out of all(prenominal) 4 students is an English Language Learner is something no serious English teacher can ignore.

The Igbo People †Origins and History :: Essays papers

The Igbo People Origins and HistoryIgboland is the home of the Igbo people and it covers most of Southeast Nigeria. This area is divided by the Niger River into two unequal sections the east region (which is the largest) and the midwestern region. The river, however, has not acted as a barrier to cultural unity rather it has provided an easy means of communication in an area where numerous settlements claim different origins. The Igbos are also surrounded on all sides by other tribes (the Bini, Warri, Ijaw, Ogoni, Igala, Tiv, Yako and Ibibio).The origins of the Igbo people has been the subject of much speculation, and it is only in the end fifty years that any real work has been carried out in this subject ...like any group of people, they are anxious to discover their origin and refashion how they came to be how they are. ...their experiences under colonialsim and since Nigerias Independence have emphasized for them the reality of their group identity which they want to anchor into authenticated narration. (Afigbo, A.E.. Prolegomena to the study of the culture history of the Igbo-Speaking Peoples of Nigeria, Igbo Language and Culture, Oxford University Press, 1975. 28.)Analysis of the sources that are available (fragmentary oral traditions and correlation of cultural traits) have led to the belief that there exists a core area of Igboland, and that waves of immigrant communities from the northwestward and west planted themselves on the border of this core area as early as the ninth century. This core area Owerri, Orlu and Okigwi forms a belt, and the people in this area have no tradition of coming from anywhere else. Migration from this area in the recent past tended to be in all directions, and in this demeanor the Igbo culture gradually became homogenized. In addition to this pattern of migration from this core area, other people also entered the Igbo territory in about the fourteenth or fifteenth centuries. Many of these people still exhibit diff erent characteristics from that of the traditional Igbos for example geographical marginality, the institution of kingship, a hierarchical title system and the amosu tradition (witchcraft). For almost time some Igbo-speaking peoples claimed that they were not Igbo the word was used as a term of abuse for less cultured neighbours. The word is now used in three senses, to describe Igbo territory, domestic speakers of the language and the language spoken by them.

Risperdal :: Drugs Schizophrenia Essays

Risperdal Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic used to alleviate the symptoms of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is defined by its effects in fixture perception, thoughts, or consciousness called hallucinations or delusions. It affects about 1% of the population, with about 2 million people moved(p) in the United States. About 50% of those affected become severely and permanently disabled and dependent upon public assistance. Schizophrenics make up about 10% of the totally disabled population and as ofttimes as 14% of the homeless. The United States spends about $70 billion annually. About 1 out of 4 patients will attempt suicide, and 1 in 10 will succeed. There is great social stigma associated with the disease (Sarason & Sarason, 2001, pg. 350). The dopamine theory behind the cause of schizophrenia states that in part excess dopamine is a possible factor or there is more than an average number of dopamine, Type 2 receptors. Risperidone acts on the dopamin e D2 receptor (Sarason, et al, 2001, pg. 368). Risperidone is a psychoactive drug and is part of the chemical class of benzisoxazole derivatives used as a treatment for schizophrenia, with some results for bipolar manic disorder, as well. The molecular formula is C23H27FN4O2, with a molecular weight of 410.49 (Ereshefsky & Mascarena, 2003).Route of administration is oral. Once the drug passes the esophagus and stomach, it makes its way into the small intestines. There are beds of capillaries within the intestine walls.

127 Hours Essay

127 Hours is the true story of mountain climber Aron Ralstons remarkable adventure to save himself later on a fall(a)en boulder crashes on his arm and traps him in an isolated canyon in Utah. Over the next five days Ralston examines his life and survives the elements to last discover he has the courage and the wherewithal to extricate himself by any means necessary, scale a 65 foot wall and hike over cardinal miles before he can be rescued. Throughout his journey, Ralston recalls friends, lovers, family, and the two hikers he met before his accident. Outdoor adventurist Aron Ralston believes hes invincible and can do it all alone while on his outdoor adventures. He considers the great outdoors his second home. On Saturday, April 26, 2003, Aron has gone for an adventure trek alone through the mainly secluded Blue John Canyon, and like he has done on many of his other treks, he has not told anyone where he is release. But on this day, he and a small boulder fall down a crevice, he landing near the bottom of the crevice virtually unharmed, but with his right handwriting wedged between the boulder and the crevice wall.He has access to his gear and his small supply of rations as he tries to move the boulder or verification away at it so that he can get his wedged hand free. As either task seems impossible, he hopes for someone to rescue him. Those c retreat likely candidates are Kristi and Megan, two women he met earlier that day who are the only two who know that he is in the canyon, or his boss Brion, who whitethorn list him as missing if he doesnt show up for his scheduled work time on Tuesday (three days away). As time goes on and he deals not only with the boulder and lack of rations but also with the extreme weather conditions, he begins to think about his mortality, his mind often going toward his loving but somewhat distant relationship with his family, or his last broken love with a woman named Rana. As he films himself (as a good day message to his family) often with his mind wandering, he, during his more lucid moments, also thinks about the possibility of trying to sever his arm as he will lose it anyway if he survives this ordeal.On April 2003, the engineer, climber and canyoneer Aron Ralston travels to Blue John Canyon without telling anyone to spend the weekend doing what he likes to do climb the isolated canyon. He meets the teenagers Kristi and Megan that are lost and they spend a couple of hours together bathing in a lake in a cave. He says goodbye to them and while locomote a canyon crack, a chockstone comes loose rolling onto his arm.Aron realizes that he is stuck and he tries to find a way to release the stone. Along five days before long of water and without food, Aron becomes delusional and recalls his family and friends. After the fifth day, he decides to sever his forearm to survive.

First Semester In College

To many flock, starting college is something they are really afraid of because college is where things get serious. It is like a solely different direct of education. High school is nothing compared to college. This scenario was the complete opposite to my thinking. After graduating from High school, I really wanted to go to college to take another, huge step towards my career. I had a decent amount of friends who were going to Middlesex county college and they told me that this college is good to start off with. So, now I find myself in this college.Although I was looking forward to go to college, my commencement semester was hard time to go by because of new people, new classes and new teachers as well. In my life, I continuously meet new people every now and then, and college was no different. Even if I had friends from proud school going to the same college, I didnt have the same classes that they had. So the first day of college I walked into a class completely full of stra ngers. I had no idea how old they were, where they were from or what kind of mortalality they had.But I at last got to inhabit some of them as weeks passed by. It was nothing like high school, people are actually really nice to you even if you do not know them. In high school there is a visual modality of criticism depending on what you look like. Your race, your gender and many other things. College was a complete opposite. along with having new people in my classes, the classes itself were really different. Classes in college differ a lot from classes in high School. There is no reason one should articulate that classes in college are similar to the classes in high school.Subjects that you get in colleges are way more advanced than the ones in high school. The material is make in a way that you know it is trying to say that I need to know more about a lot of things. A person may think they know enough to be in the class hardly once you start getting into more things, you wil l know how practically you think you know and how much you actually know. On top of all this, new people, classes, the teacher are new too but that is not the moreover reason. I have had new teachers in high school mostly every year but it is totally different than having teachers in college.Teacher in high schools know what you already know and what you need to know. They know what you are capable to do and how much work you can take and be able to pass it. If you are in college, that means you know a lot and you should be capable of accomplishing nay task given by your teacher. This is definitely true because in my math class my teacher gave our class a lot of work and expected to us finish everything without any help. Teachers really expect a lot from me. This is called college it might be exactly what you think it is or completely different than your imagination.For conclusion, First semester of college was hard because of new environment with new people and a whole different place. But on the bright side I successfully completed my first semester. People are usually stressed about college but even if everything is different once you are used to it you will like it. It is like a kid going to kindergarten for the first time and he or she doesnt like it but eventually it becomes your daily life routine and you will blend into it. College is the biggest step you will take forward towards your career.

Jaffna Tourism Essay

1. Executive SummaryThere is a huge vacant ara in all over the world to enhance the touristry. Almost all the countries argon developing their Tourism industry in their country. Sri Lanka is such one of them becoming much popular in the Asian boorish. So its a good opportunity to Investors to come and invest their Income to earn high profit. This Assignment all well-nigh Tourism of Sri Lanka, Where a foreign company going to operate their Business with clear understanding of the present scenario of the country So as a topical anesthetic partner I have prepared an important report to join hands with foreign company and enhance the tourism in Sri Lanka2. IntroductionA Canadian based Tourism industry is coming to Sri Lanka and to operate their Tourism industry in Pasikuda region. So as a local partner I have proposed some important focal areas of Pasikuda region with clear uprightifications These short and clear proposals that every one can understand and come to know a bout Sri L anka and its TourismsSri LankaSri Lanka is an is shore country which is located in the Indian Ocean and the subcontinent in South Asia. Sri Lanka is a strategic place for trade because of its location and the study ocean routes. Sri Lanka has been called The Pearl of the Indian Ocean because of its unique features and attractive natural places around the country. The capital city of Sri Lanka is Sri Jayawardenapura-Kotte which has high population and busy crowded population. Sri Lanka is encapsulated with varieties of cultures, languages and religions. The Sinhalese people occupy the majority of the population Tamils and Muslims are with smaller quantity where as it include Moors, Burghers and Malays. The country is famous for the production tea, coffee, gemstones, rubber and cinnamon.The island contains tropical forests, wonderful overthrow scape. The country claims a grand history over 2500 years. The country is a founding member state of SAARC Sri Lanka was one of the fastest growing economies of the world.3. Tourism in Sri LankaTourism is one of the famous major industries playing a vital role for the evolution of Sri Lankan economy recently. It attracts many foreigners because of its unique features and undisturbed rain forests. Sri Lanka is visualized as a play ground for European people for its cheapest prices and fine historical areas.After end of the civil war we can see the development of tourism recently. However after the end of the conflict in 2009 the countrys tourism looks better and increasing dramatically. In 2010 after the war Sri Lanka had a growth of 46% in Tourism arrivals. From 2009 to 2011 the Tourism arrivals got doubled with the arrivals of reaching 855,975 as at end of 2011.Government of Sri Lanka taking a head to improve the Tourism in Sri Lanka by investing large amount of money all over the Island.The finest times to visit Sri Lanka are between the main rainy seasons, because the island is just north of the equator overly go od place to visit in hot seasons. Temperatures remain almost constant throughout the year, but rainfall varies widely. The Hill Country is cooler throughout the year than the other part of Sri Lanka. The country appointed educated and English speaking people to guide the tourist and enjoy the pass throughout.According to the Sri Lankan Tourism Development Authorities information the country has over 1400 registered hotel rooms and majority occupied in Colombo. The hotels are classified in basketball team star categories ranging from 1 to 5 stars currently. Sri Lanka has consisted hotels called John keels, Aitken Spence and Jetwing hotels where as some international brands such as Taj and Aman are also present in the country. There are many other international hotels waiting to emerge inside the country such as Movenpick etcthey go away enter either under management contracts or joint venture.Sri Lanka concentrating high in building five stars rated hotels to attach the tourist v isits. Most of the hotels are owned by individual proprietors also there are many to come with 5 stars hotels.Following exhibit tourist arrivals from 2007 to 20102007 494,008 2008 438,475 2009 447,890 2010 654,476 2011 853,975So we can clearly see the improvement of tourism all over the Island and also there are many empty spaces that can be filled by investors pointing out those focal areas can come out with dynamic readiness to append the sales turn over.Pasikuda and its TourismPasikuda Pasikuda is famous for its beautiful beaches and which is loved by every one with its wonderful lands scape, which is situated on the east shore of Sri Lanka, 300 Kilometers from Colombo. It is in the process of developing a leading tourist destination in Sri Lanka. The visitors main attraction Are long and wide sunny beach, Blue Sea with golden sand are some of them in this region. Pasikuda is known to have one of the longest shallow coastlines in the world, because the water is not more only a few inches deep so people can walk many kilometers into the sea without any charge and can enjoy.The closest major town is Batticaloa which is about 20-30 minutes ride in a vehicle. There are limited hotels in the Pasikuda area is the major reasons why tourism is not taking off. Some of the lands are bought by some hotel groups so in the future we are bound to see an increase in hotels.This region getting developed by building access roads, electricity and water supply getting renovated at a rapid pace, In addition to this, a super market, an art gallery, a theatre and a golf course are expected to be constructed.The government has allocated 156 acres of land in Pasikuda tourism zone, with 14 hotels to come up with approved constructions.so the total investment is around Rs 5703 million. The first hotel contains 40-rooms named called Maalu Maalu. Once all the hotels are completed, 930 rooms would be available for occupation.Foreigners and the local made this place as an ideal plac e for sun bathe, sea bathe and a leisure play ground for gravy boat trips, water skiers. Pasikuda dont have much luxury hotels you have to do with small hotels, some foreigners expecting that in the near future there will be some luxury hotels in this region.So this is the right time to build and develop the tourism in this region with the help of government, because the government expecting to increase the tourism in this region for this they are giving tax concession and other facilities.

Logic Model

Logic illustration Brief history of evaluation and the logic Model Scriven (1991) would argue that evaluation has been around for galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) years, and is only now recognised as a discipline. He would go further and say it is like a knowledge which has been around for a go before we were discussing its use, nature and logic. It is essentially different from science in its methods and thought. He would argue it is only recently we pack appreciated its value as a discipline we still have a long way to go. Despite the current popularity of logic Models they date back to the 1970s.The first publication that used the name logic model was quoted as Evaluation Promise and Performance by Joseph S. Wholey (1979). Suchman (1967) is similar to Bennetts hierarchy, The Seven Levels of Evidence (1975, 1976), nearly-known in Cooperative Extension circles, was an premature predecessor of todays logic model. The backgrounds and footprints of logic model thinking crou pe be seen in the private sector, public sector and non-profit sector. Private sector- The private sector has experienced total tone of voice management (TQM) and performance whole stepment movements.TQM is an on-going sour that involves management and staff to meet the requirements of clients and opposite stakeholders while keeping costs to a minimum. Moullin (2002) exoteric sector- The Government Performance targets with health and social cargon which asked for out get it ons which were linked to funding. E. g. Accident and Emergency waiting times, more(prenominal) recently the push for released prisoners who atomic number 18 managed within the companionship by agencies will receive funding if they do not reoffend within a set time frame.This is similar to the payment by results concept within the health service. This saw the influx of political platform managers being employed within the public sector. We also have performance indicators within the Local Authority which measure assessment time frames and timely re outlooks of LAC. Non-profit sector- The non-profit sector is concerned with improving programs to produce outcomes. This has resulted from the new commissioning guide lines where contracts dictate agreed outcomes linked to funding.I have chosen the logic model for evaluation and am going to discuss its strengths and weaknesses. A logic model is an evaluation tool that provides a way of illustrating a program visually so it stern be understood by all stake holders. It can be presented in table format which can be presented in easy read language thus can involve clients with disabilities. It shows planned activities and results anticipate from it and there is no right or prostitute way of developing the model.It provides a picture or diagram of what is going to be done and what the program evaluation is going to be. The Logic model has three turn upes to evaluation It is a client centred (bottom up approach) approach it starts with th e desired effects or results and works up to outlining how we will get the results. It is best used when evaluating an animated activity. Within this research it will look at the existing processes of weather the voice of the child is heard within the Looked after Children Review (LAC)?Top reduce approach starting with the pre-planned program activities and strategies that can evaluate a program in its developmental phase, within the process of LAC review where the voice of the child is a concept that the government is wanting in place. The Independent Reviewing Manager is responsible for ensuring the voice of the child is heard. The most important strength of the Logic Model is that twain approaches can be used at the same time. Benefits and limitations of the Logic Model It is a usefully program planning and evaluation tool.It is simple yet Gordian it can be time consuming as you seek to involve all stake holders. It whitethorn not always address weather we be doing the right thing and get caught up in creating the model then weather the program is the right thing to do. It mat stifle creativity and spontaneity as it has clear phases to follow. It is easier for the stake holders to understand the overall purpose of the program and it ensures the inputs and outputs correspond. It identifies key questions to be evaluated. This may not always cover all the outcomes that may happen as a result of the evaluation, e. g. he question asked may result in other unexpected outcomes which may be overlooked. Taylor et al (2008) This model clearly outlines the intended key elements to all stake holders, staff, clients, insurance makers and the agencies. The model often focuses on positive change sadly this may not be the result as change is not always positive. The model can reveal the break in steps in any part of the program activities, revealing the limitation where a great deal of patience is required. It may simplify the complicated process of cause and attribu tion where they may be many issues that figure out process and outcomes.Scriven puts in very simple terms The relation between mosquitos and mosquito bites (Scriven, 1991 77) it is important to realise the logic model only makes a teaching of intent not reality. Taylor et al (2008) Theory under pinning the logic model Empowerment Empowerment is a contested concept which can be defined in many ways depending on hatfuls understanding and ideas. Adams (2003) According to Wallerstein (1992), states empowerment is a social-action process. It encourages participation of populate, organizations, and communities towards the goals of Individual and community control.Towards political efficacy, improved quality of Life and social justice, While Whitmore (1988) feels the concept of Empowerment needs to be more clearly defined she states that there are some common inherent assumptions Individuals are assumed to understand their own needs better than anyone else and therefore should have th e power both to define and act upon them. All pile induce strengths upon which they can build. Empowerment is a lifelong endeavour. Personal knowledge and experience are effective and useful in managing. McDougall (1997) suggests empowerment is not an intervention or a strategy.Rather it is a fundamental way of thinking. Empowerment is not giving people power people already have smoke of power, in the wealth of their knowledge and motivation, to do their jobs magnificently. We define empowerment as letting this power out (Blanchard, K 1960). As we can see from some of the definitions of empowerment that the individuals carrying out the evaluation themselves need to be committed to the values of equality and social inclusion otherwise the outcomes may be affected play up one of the weakness of the theory and logic model where we can have unexpected outcomes, and influences we may not have anticipated.Participation Participation of children and three-year-old people in social wor k policy and practice has been a fairly new concept. For many years professionals interpretation of childrens feelings, needs and wishes have resolute services and influenced research and policy. Franklin et al (2004). It has slowly dawned on professionals over the last 30 years that children and three-year-old people need to be involved in decision making and processes. This desire to involve children and young people has only increased since 2000 Oldfield et al (2004).Participation now is central to current government legislation, policy and guidance framework underpinning delivery of public services to children and young people. This thinking has been influenced by social and political changes at national and international levels. Literature research on Participation It is important to suggest that you cannot have empowerment without participation and participation without empowerment. Alderson (1993) has made us aware by means of his research the competencies children have i n getting involved in decision making, and children and young people have been identified as a group in their own right.Alderson particular concentrate on children and young peoples ability to discuss and give consent to surgery. Fanklin et al (2004) The emergence of the childrens rights agenda. Children and young people began to gain wakeless participatory rights in decision- making under the UN convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), it was ratified in the UK in 1991. This focused adults to think about how to involve children and young people in decision appropriate to abilities and understanding Franklin et al (20046).Marchant et al (2004136) would suggest that too often we are focusing on children and young peoples competence to participate rather than on adults competence to support children and young people to make decisions and take action. There has been an change magnitude influence of the consumer the concept that as consumers children and young people are given more power threw legislation and policy to exercise choice and influence over the services they receive. Franklin et al (2004). Sadly majority of LAC have had no choice in coming into care but within the system they should be given choice.The reality of choice is often restricted by resources. My question would be do they really have choice are the consumers? The impact of in high spirits profile child protection cases in the late 1980s and early 1990s, which uncovered systematic physical and sexual abuse by staff in childrens homes led to an acknowledgement that adults know best and will act in the interest of children and young people had failed many children. There was a floriculture of collusion, neglect, indifference and silence on the part of staff Landsdown (20013).Children were denied a voice speaking with, tendencyening to and actively involving children and young people would have ensured their protection. Scottish executive director (2004) There is a growing movement of childrens service user and carers, we have seen a development of groups such as the Childrens Rights Alliance for England (2005) the Childrens Society (2006), National Young Carers Initiative and A National Voice, who are working towards transforming the status of children and young people in the UK. Childrens participation in the United Kingdom (UK) has moved a long way.Children and young people can play a crucial role when organisations listen to them in delivering services. Wright et al (2006) Methods There are robust applied reasons to view qualitative evaluation methods as harmonious to quantitative methods. Reichardt et al (1994). There is a wide debateon the twain methods. Datta (1994) suggested that the difference in the two models are less apparent in practice then in theory and that often evaluators will use more than one approach due to the complexity of the work they do.Reichardt (1994) The table below tries to show differences between qualitative and quantitative ev aluation approaches. For this research we will be using both, questions and narrative approach to allow the stakeholders to express their views. It will be an indicative approach starting with the data and then making sense by looking at the themes that emerge through language, feelings and experience. It is a holistic approach which is empowering as it tries to represent all stake holders views as well as evaluators.It is considered a pictorial way where the research is not looking to lead the stakeholders in any one direction. Miles & Huberman, (1994) it is a holistic approach. Key Differences amidst Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation Approaches Qualitative EvaluationIs Often Characterized by Quantitative EvaluationIs Often Characterized by Inductive approach to data gathering,interpretation, and reporting Holistic approach finding gestalts for theevaluation results Verstehen understanding the subjectivelived experiences of program stakeholders(discovering their truths) Us ing natural anguage throughout theevaluation process In-depth, detailed data assembly Use of case studies The evaluator as the unproblematic measuringinstrument A naturalistic approach does not explicitlymanipulate the setting Research hypotheses and questions that are tested in the evaluation Finding patterns that either corroborate ordisconfirm particular hypotheses and dish the evaluation questions Understanding how social reality, asobserved by the evaluator, corroborates ordisconfirms hypotheses and evaluationquestions Emphasis on measurement procedures that lend themselves to numerical representations of variables Representative consumes of stakeholder groups Use sample sizes with sufficient statisticalpower to detect expected outcomes Measuring instruments that are constructed with a view to making them reliable and valid Evaluator control and ability to manipulatethe setting, which improves the internalvalidity, the statistical conclusions validity,and the construct val idity of the researchdesigns (Miles & Huberman, 1994) We will be using a purposive sample of stakeholders to interview. The interviews will include 2 social workers, 2 families, 2 young people who have left care, 2 Independent reviewing managers and 2 foster carers.This is because for the research we want to interview people involved in the LAC review as our research is about children and young people going through the process and weather their voice is heard. The table below shows the advantages and disadvantages of consume methods and why we have chosen purposive sampling. Sampling techniques Advantages and disadvantage proficiency Descriptions Advantages Disadvantages Simple random Random sample from whole population Highly representative if all subjects participate the ideal Not possible without complete list of population members potentially uneconomical to achieve can be disruptive to isolate members from a group time-scale may be too long, data/sample could change Stratified random Random sample from identifiable groups (strata), subgroups, etc. Can ensure that specific groups are represented, even proportionally, in the sample(s) (e. g. , by gender), by selecting individuals from strata list More complex, requires greater effort than simple random strata must be carefully defined Cluster Random samples of successive clusters of subjects (e. g. , by institution) until littler groups are chosen as units Possible to select randomly when no single list of population members exists, but local lists do data tranquil on groups may avoid introduction of confounding by isolating members Clusters in a level must be equivalent and some natural ones are not for essential characteristics (e. g. geographic numbers equal, but unemployment rates differ) Stage Combination of cluster (randomly selecting clusters) and random or stratified random sampling of individuals Can make up probability sample by random at stages and within groups possible to select random sampl e when population lists are very localized Complex, combines limitations of cluster and stratified random sampling Purposive Hand-pick subjects on the basis of specific characteristics Ensures balance of group sizes when multiple groups are to be selected Samples are not easily defensible as being representative of populations due to potential subjectivity of researcher Select individuals as they come to fill a quota by characteristics proportional to populations Ensures selection of adequate numbers of subjects with appropriate characteristics Not possible to prove that the sample is representative of designated population sweet sand verbena Subjects with desired traits or characteristics give names of further appropriate subjects Possible to include members of groups where no lists or identifiable clusters even exist (e. g. , drug abusers, criminals) No way of knowing whether the sample is representative of the population Volunteer, accidental, convenience Either asking for volu nteers, or the consequence of not all those selected finally participating, or a set of subjects who just happen to be available Inexpensive way of ensuring sufficient numbers of a study Can be highly unrepresentative Black, T. R. (1999118) For this research the narrative approach for interviewing the sample has been chosen. What we mean by the word narrative is important to understand why we are using this approach.TheOxford Mini vocabularydefines narrative as a spoken or create verbally account of something (Hawker, 2002 406). Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionaryis not specific about the written or spoken, with its an account of any occurrence Macdonald, (1972 876) thereby including the possibility of other types of communication visual, aural, tactile and so on. This wider, inclusive definition is important because it recognizes and allows the use of signing, Braille, and other communications systems/languages. It provides the following through the interviews, locates the pers on in context describing setting, character and mental summary of events, conflict and outcomes.Mishler (1986) The narrative process will enable collection of data from the sample selected and they will be able to tell their stories this is very important within the LAC population as we have more black children and young people represented in our system. They will be able to tell their story from their cultural perspective Marshall et al (1995). The main advantage of the process is that in the interviews we will be able to find the voice of the participant in the particular time, place and setting in this case the LAC review. Connelly et al (1990) this can also lead to gaining insight into the organisational change which can lead to cultural change. Faber (1998), Boje (1991), Beech (2000) It can also bring insight into decision making through stories and how knowledge is transferred in the organisation.OiConnor, (1997) Darwent,( 2000). We need to also acknowledge the limitations of the narrative approach. We can have researcher bias which can influence the data, the sample may not be credible, sample could have been influenced by other studies they were involved in, and background information may be missing, the analysis of the researcher could be biased, the very social movement of the researcher may affect the research and data, the present information may not influence the future. Heisenburg (1927) and building trust with the sample takes time the snapshot view and small sample may impact the outcomes as they may not be representative of the population.Hammersley et al (1983) Hammersley (1990) We will be using semi-structured interview method as it is complementary to using the narrative approach to asking questions, and its strengths and limitations. Interviewing is a complex and demanding technique (Frey and Oishi 199502) This researcher sets the environment for the data to be collected. The interviewee has time to packet their views but the process rel ies on the interviewee willing to give an honest answer. Breakwell et al (1950). It allows the interviewer to ask open questions and supplement ones to clarify views, Frey and Oishi (1995). They may not be whole honest and ask elaborate questions back to ascertain exactly what the research is about. (Wimmer and Dominick (1997). The data and validity of the research may well be impacted by these. Breakwell et al (1995)

Jericho

Jericho is a Palestinian city located near the Jordan River in the westside Bank. It lies at latitude 31 52 degrees north and longitude 35 39 degrees east and is 250 metres below sea level. Jericho is one of the most past serviceman habitations. bartlett pear (1982) suggests the most quaint human remains were found in it, some of which go moxie to 5000 days B. C. Bartlett also believes some settlements date back to 9000 years B. C. The Ancient city was occupied by Jordan from 1948 to 1967 (Bartlett, 1982). Over centuries communities became abandoned and new settlements set up.Hunters were attracted to this localisation of function because of the rife water sources nearby. Aqueducts and other irrigation systems were built earlier on, making the city an agricultural center. By 8000 BC, about 2,000 people had permly settled near present-day Jericho (Metzger and Coogan, 1993). Jericho was an primal city in the Old Testament. The city was overtaken and devastated several time s. However, it was always reoccupied sometimes quickly and other times very slowly. Herod the Great, Cleopatra, and Augustus be some of the mighty rulers that once took claim of some or both of Jericho.Many Galileans would travel through the Jordan valley and go by Jericho on their route to Jerusalem. By taking this course, they could avoid passing through Samaritan territory (Metzger and Coogan, 1993). Jericho ulterior fell to the Babylonians, but was rebuilt when the Jews were allowed to return from their exile. The city continued to be a resort during the rule of the succeeding empires. For Christians, Jericho took on importance because of its association with John the Baptist, who was verbalise to take been baptised by the banks of the Jordan on the eastern boundary of the city.The Romans destroyed the old city in the first century, but it was rebuilt in its present location by the Byzantines. The city briefly returned to glory when Caliph Hisham Ibn Abd el-Malik built his winter palace in Jericho in 743, but an earthquake destroyed virtually the entire city just four years later. The city later fell to the Crusaders and then was recaptured by Saladin. Jericho was largely ignored and deserted for centuries afterward. The economy of this time was in a transition from one of gathering food, to an economy of producing food.The earliest inhabitants are known as the An -Natifiyyun. These people relied on gathering wild seeds for food. It is unlikely that they lay these seeds, but rather harvested them using woodpeckers. These tools included scythes with flint edges and straight bone handles. They used stone mortars with handles to grind the seeds. Some of the An-Natifiyyun lived in nearby caves. Others lived in bad-mannered villages, excelling in architecture. Over the course of time, they learned how to make sun-dried bricks, and began to build more substantial hearthstones.These dwellings were round huts, constructed from flat-bottomed bricks, whic h curved at the higher edge. Canals were cut into from ancient Jericho to the nearby Ein Al-Sultan spring. These canals provided ample supplies of water for residential use. As their economy progressed, they used these canals to irrigate their fields. They constructed walls 6. 56 feet (2m) in width to surround and enclose their villages. at heart these walls they erected a massive tower, (9m) in diameter, and (10m) in height. Today Jericho is often referred to as the oldest city on earth, with a history of over ten thousand years.This ancient city is located in the region of Canaan at the lower end of the Jordan valley about eight miles north of the Dead Sea. Hunters were attracted to this location because of the abundant water sources nearby. Aqueducts and other irrigation systems were built early on, making the city an agricultural center. By 8000 BC, about 2,000 people had permanently settled near present-day Jericho Jericho was an important city in the Old Testament. The city was overtaken and devastated several times. However, it was always reoccupied sometimes quickly and other times very slowly.The city of Jericho, now identified with Tel es-Sultan, is popular opinion by some archaeologists to be as much as 11,000 years old, making it one of the oldest sites of human settlement in the world. The earliest evidence of human occupation is a Mesolithic shrine and there is evidence one city build overtop of another for several millennia. The most prominent features of ancient Jericho would have been the large, high walls. It is the oldest walled city in human history and walls remain a significant aspect of archaeological digs. Jericho had stonewalls by 7,000 BCE, even before the intent of pottery.The first walls at Jericho were built during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) period, indicating that violence and conflict were important parts of Jerichos history for a very long time. The first permanent settlement was built near the Ein as-Sultan spring between 10,000 and 9000 BC. As the world warmed, a new culture based on agriculture and sedentary dwelling emerged, which archaeologists called Pre-Pottery Neolithic A which were characterized by small circular dwellings, burials of the dead within the floors of buildings, reliance on hunting wild game, the cultivation of wild or internal cereals, and no use of pottery.At Jericho, circular dwellings were built of clay and straw bricks left to dry in the sun, which were affixed together with a mud mortar. distributively house measured about 5 metres across, and was roofed with mud-smeared brush. Hearths were located within and outside the homes. During the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B, settlement-phase the architecture consisted of rectilinear buildings made of mudbricks on stone foundations. The mudbricks were loaf-shaped with tardily thumb prints to facilitate bounding. No building has been excavated in its entirety. Normally, several elbow rooms cluster around a central courtyard. There is one big room ( with internal divisions, the rest are small, presumably used for storage. The rooms have red or pinkish terrazzo-floors made of lime. Some impressions of mats made of reeds or rushes have been preserved. The courtyards have clay floors. The dead were buried under the floors or in the rubble fill of abandoned buildings. There are several collective burials. non all the skeletons are completely articulated, which may point to a time of exposure before burial. A skull cache would contained seven skulls. The jaws were removed and the faces covered with plaster cowries were used as eyes.As new settlements arose they began to encourage the growth of plants such as barley and lentils and the domestication of pigs, sheep and goats. People no longer looked for their favorite food sources where they occurred naturally. Now they introduced them into other locations. An agricultural revolution had begun. The ability to expand the food supply in one area allowed the deve lopment of permanent settlements of greater coat and complexity. The people of the Neolithic or New Stone Age (8000-5000 B. C. ) organized fairly large villages.Jericho grew into a fortified town complete with ditches, stone walls, and towers and contained by chance 2000 residents. Although agriculture resulted in a stable food supply for permanent communities, the revolutionary aspect of this development was that the community could bring what they needed (natural resources plus their tool kit) to make a new site inhabitable. This development made it possible to create larger communities and also helped to spread the practice of agriculture to a wider area. The comportment of tools and statues made of stone not available locally indicates that there was also some trading with distant regions.Agricultural society brought changes in the organization of ghostlike practices as well. Sanctuary rooms decorated with frescoes and sculptures of the heads of bulls and bears shows us tha t structured religious rites were important to the inhabitants of these early communities. At Jericho, human skulls were covered with clay in an set out to make them look as they had in life suggesting that they practiced a form of ancestor worship. Bonds of kinship that had united hunters and gatherers were being supplemented by religious organization, which helped to mold the social behavior of the community.Because it is one of the oldest human settlements and perhaps the oldest walled city in history, archaeological excavations at Jericho provide invaluable information about how people lived and died thousands of years ago. Numerous tombs, furniture, pottery, and beads have been discovered. Politically, Palestine was a collection of independent city states at this time, with each city under the control of one King. The presence of massive defense walls suggests that these independent city-state Kings frequently attacked each other. The walls of Jericho from this time attest to that theory.Over the course of a 600 year period, beginning around 2900 B. C. E. , the walls of Jericho were rebuilt sixteen times. Invaders are not the only cause of this, as earthquakes, water in the foundations, and other natural causes played a role in the constant maintenance of the city defense structures. Most people know about Jericho in connection with the biblical stories of how the Hebrews conquered Canaan. Under the leadership of Joshua, they marched around the city seven times and divinity fudge caused the walls to collapse as stated in the bible. Jericho is a religious city that has withstood the test of invasion, destruction, and time.

Patriot Movie Review

The Patriot In theaters on June 30, 2000. Directed by Roland Emmerich Written by Robert Rodat Main Characters in the movie Mel Gibson as Benjamin Martin, Heath Ledgar as Gabriel Martin, Tom Wilkinson as Lord General Cornwallis, & Jason Issac as Colonel William Tavington The film is rated R for strong war violence. Summary It is 1776 when the Revolutionary War began between the American Colonists and the British soldiers. The main character, Benjamin Martin, is a veteran of the French and Indian war who wants independence from Britain, but is not willing to risk the safety of his already parentless children by going to war.It was the British who had killed his wife and he did not want to put his family in danger as he did so once before. hitherto though he forms a militia and goes around looking for people in the colonies who are willing to fight against the red coats which are the British because he knew it had to be done. He did not approve of his oldest son Gabriel joining the Co ntinental Army but Gabriel wanted to so bad that he went behind his fathers okay to sign up anyway. This caused problems for him because they found him and threatened him on his own land.Benjamin Martin helped wounded soldiers both from the American side & British side and because of that he was viewed as a traitor to many people. The killing of his son when the British came to his home caused him to react and want to go to war with them. The Americans and British went to war and there was a bay window of loss of American soldiers and the French came to help them because they disliked the British as well and tried to stop the British from trying to take over another(prenominal) places. After years in the war the Americans finally won and were able to pass the Declaration of Independence.Benjamin Martin had finally gotten even and killed Tavington because he killed both of his sons. Even though a lot of people died they were free at last from British control and thats when good th ings started to happen for the Americans. Benjamin Martin ends up falling in love with his dead wifes sister & protects his family. He is truly considered a hero because if it werent for him then the Americans would have never taken it upon themselves to fight against the British. The colonies became united and it was alone the beginning of a good period of time.The Patriot is a wonderful movie that not only has action and romance, but it has an important meaning. It gives us an observation tower on the events that took place long ago that eventually led to our independence and the states uniting. Without it we probably wouldnt have been the United States like we are now and it baron have been longer before we would have been free from the British. I would definitely recommend everyone to watch this movie because you will definitely enjoy it regardless of your date or interests. Historical Accuracy In the movie, the Continental Congress extends an order to slaves stating that if they serve 12 months in the Colonial Army, they would be granted their freedom and be paid 5 schillings per month served. The Congress never extended such an order in real life. Benjamin Martin sends his children and his family friend to a slave colonization after their plantation is burned down. Martins family is welcomed into the colony and there is much celebration at their coming. Although a few slave colonies existed, they were very secluded and most liable(predicate) would not have taken kindly to a group of white plantation owners looking for shelter.

Sexual Behavior And Sexual Identity Health And Social Care Essay

human immunodeficiency virus is no longer entirely stigmatising the cheery white manly. In recent rargon ages, the menace has spread to to a greater extent than diverse populations, including heavy(a) females who have sex with liberal females ( WSWs ) practising multiple sexual behaviours, while presuming a assortment of sexual individualities. Yet, the information, intercessions and look available today keep open providing to the original face of this deathly disease.Despite the turning organic structure of research, WSWs remain unseeable to authorities research bunkers, private wellness attention suppliers and community of interests wellness organisations. Therefore where proceedss for WSW ar readily available, suppliers frequently fail to acknowledge the differentiation between sexual behaviour and sexual individualism, a misconception merely farther reinforced by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) as it continues to categorise grown females in fected by female-to-female transmittal harmonizing to outgoing sexual and drug behaviours.In add-on to a reasonably common belief that WSWs are immune to HIV, this community is frequently dismissed upon unwraping their sexual individuality for a figure of causa. As noted by Diamond, there is an premise among scientists and laypeople alike that reliable sexual orientation develops early and is consistent through wizard s life. This writer goes on to farther stress that, what is reliable is what is stable. The subjective manner in which many position sexual individuality has been a master(a) subscriber to the huge array of steps available to research workers for measuring hazardous behaviours with respect to sexual orientation. Ultimately, this dismissive, inattentive and even mocking respect for self-aggrandising females who have sex with enceinte females has put an already vulnerable and turning part of the United State s population at even great hazard for HIV every bit strong as STI s ( sexually transmitted transmittances ) .From the supplier s point of view, issues faced by members of this sexual wellness minority seeking information and resources are slightly associated with those issues faced by organisations fighting to function specific patronage. Within the metropolis of Chicago, those suppliers turn toing the sexual wellness demands of WSW are few and far between. For the few in being, publicity of services to the intended demographic disregard be disputing for several grounds 1 ) presuming exchangeability of sexual orientation ( or ignoring the demand for categorical sexual wellness services ) can skew the best agencies for measuring end efficaciousness at the same clip 2 ) if agencies for finding a participant s sexual orientation are flatly specific, one misclassification can ensue in inefficiency or mis-direction of resources toward those with lesser demand off from those with greater demand.Findingss from recent surveies underline the danger in presuming excessively much about correct groups and their high/low-risk sexual patterns. Though research may uncover some groups to be more vulnerable for certain diseases than others, this statistical difference by no agency justifies the gross instability in focal point, funding and/or support.RESEARCH QuestionWhat sexual wellness services are available for WSW ( adult females who have sex with adult females ) within the metropolis of Chicago and how are these service organisations aiming patronages in footings of turn toing the hybridization of sexual behaviour and individuality? schemeWith an highly limited figure of suppliers active in Chicago, few resources are available for WSW. If an organisation provides services for WSW, so they most likely do so on the footing of sexual individuality accordingly restricting their chance to turn to the single client s potentially bad sexual behaviour.LITERATURE analyzeNumerous surveies suggest that adult females who have sex with adult females are at low hazard for HIV and the subsequent famine of dedicated HIV/STI bar services for this community seems to reenforce these sentiments. Yet, rates of infection for HIV/STIs amongst WSW are on the rise and activist alliances comprised of adult females populating positively tell apart broad are get downing to talk out. The battle to supply sexual wellness services for a population that has been mostly overlooked by the medical community now demands national attending. Reasons for the current deficiency of information and resources, every bit good as challenges faced by active service suppliers are debated and analyzed severally in the literature reviewed.There are a figure of issues that contribute to the wellness disparities faced by WSW. For illustration, the Women s wellness Initiative, a US sample of 96,000 older adult females, found that tribades and bisexual adult females were significantly more likely to be uninsured compared to heterosexual adult females ( 10, 12 and 7 % severally ) ( Valanis et al. , 2000 ) . The deficiency of insured WSW may be, harmonizing to Arend, due to homophobia on the portion of the physicians and nurses. Patient studies of homophobia in the medical universe are drawing WSW at an even greater hazard since attention suppliers may non further swearing relationships with in which their patients could experience comfy unwraping their sexual individuality and behaviour. It essential be noted that a client can non seek wellness services that do non be, or she is less willing to make so if she has all experienced stigma or anticipates a stigmatizing environment ( Dean et al. , 2000 Meyer & A Northridge, 2007 ) .Although the CDC fancys female-to-female HIV transmittal a rare happening, instance studies every bit good as some surveies and a smattering of publications point out that non merely are vaginal fluids and catamenial blood potentially infective, but rates of infection amongst adult female s who have sex with adult females are presently on the rise ( survey by lady at conference, CDC, Arend ) * . In the article, HIV test Among Lesbian Womans Social Context and Subjective Meanings, Dolan and Davis utilised studies, focal point groups and in-depth interviews to depict HIV proving experiences among a sample of 162 sapphic adult females populating in a big southeasterly US metropolis ( Dolan & A Davis 2008, JOHNSON ) . Eighty per centum of the sample had well-tried at least one time, with more than 25 % holding tested five or more times. Most of the adult females tested voluntarily and despite the widely promoted misconception that WSWs are at low hazard for HIV, the respondent s perceptual experience of hazard was noted as the most common ground for proving. However, the CDC continues to categorise adult females infected by female-to-female transmittal merely harmonizing to their old sexual and drug behaviours, thereby disregarding an full community and perpetuati ng the sapphic unsusceptibility stereotype.For old ages, Aids has been profiled as a cheery white male s disease. Merely in the past decennary have wellness instruction and diverseness preparation plans sought to counter what has been referred to as the de-gaying of AIDS ( Flowers, 2001 ) and or else advanced the claim that AIDS is a democratic or equal chance virus. Unfortunately, this push to reprogram an inaccurate image has failed in two facets First of all, maturation manuals intended to battle the impression that AIDS is a cheery disease overpoweringly turn readers attending off from work forces who have sex with work forces ( MSM ) to refocus it upon the heterosexual community. Mentioning statistics such as The World Health Organization says 75 % of people with AIDS were infected through heterosexual sex is utile for battling the purely cheery male association, but at what point should the public consider hazards associated with adult females who have sex with a dult females?Second, in add-on to miss a vulnerable demographic, the reprogramming of AIDS instruction has a inclination to entirely categorise gender, ensuing in the marginalisation of WSWs. Harmonizing to Bourne et al. , efforts at making more politically right intercession plans have pushed many plans back to educating through a biomedical lens minimising the hazard of bodily unstable exchange and set uping physical barriers between spouses. One article highlights how this point of view may be deficient when sing the emotionally charged sphere of sexual behaviour, which is, by its really nature, societal. Intervention plans based on a biomedical position on safe sex tend to turn to intervention/education demands in a categorical, diagnostic vogue. Bourne and Robson s analysis of the biomedical attack to learning safe sex reveals how wellness publicity schemes which fail to take accounting of the complexnesss of lived experience are, as a consequence, mostly ignored by th e mark population as being incompatible with their demands.Properly turn toing the demands of a unmatched sexual minority group ever draws attending to a cardinal, on-going argument in gender and wellness. The dissension over which issue to turn to first-class honours degree, behaviour or individuality, is seeable throughout the literature reviewed. Diamond notes, there is an premise among scientists and laypeople alike that reliable sexual orientation develops early and is consistent through one s life ( 200952 ) . What is reliable is what is stable. So the familiar battlefields are drawn fixed=biological= deserving of credence and protection, whereas variable=chosen=fair game for stigma and favoritism ( Diamond 2009246 ) . *Some writers, nevertheless, argue that sexual orientation is non one thing. Rather, it has many constituents, including behaviour, individuality and desire. For some, behaviour may be a shaping characteristic of their sexual orientation, while for others desire may be the most of import ( Tabatabai ) * . Sexual behaviour is less of import for adult females as they consider their sexual orientation ( Peplau and Garnets 2000 ) .Some experts conclude that prosecuting in sexual behaviour with a member of the same gender is non a requirement for placing in a peculiar manner and a recent Indiana University survey supports this theory. The 2010 study of Thirty showed that while X % of adult females surveyed identified as heterosexual, XXX had assiduous in same sex sexual behaviours. Numerous articles highlighted hazards associated with sexual wellness service suppliers turn toing sexual individuality entirely, but the ways in which the force member and medical community approach sexual behaviour and designation remain subjective, thereby perpetuating wellness disparities amongst WSW.When revelation becomes a battle, so does efficaciously providing to the client s yesteryear, present, or possible bad sexual behaviours. So, at the supplier degree, after an organisation decides whether to offer intercession scheduling directed at adult females who have sex with adult females, the best theoretical account for carry oning client outr separately and best methods for finding proper individualized attention take pith phase. *While some adult females are really unfastened about both their diseases and sexual individuality, others are loath to discourse these issues due to frights of culturally-based stigmas against homosexualism and HIV, homophobia and ill-usage signifier medical professionals and disaffection from household members and larger communities. * Thus, a supplier motivated to make more for WSW wellness can make teensy with deficient support, inaccurate information or a limited outreach theoretical account. Harmonizing to a 2008 auxiliary issue within the Journal of Homosexuality, the usage of inclusive signifiers, linguistic communications and treatments that do non presume the person s individuality, orienta tion, behaviour and relationship position are important for easing optimum bringing of attention and services. * inhalant signifiers are, therefore, the first and sometimes last chance a supplier has to link with their client.Research is limited and what is available is overpoweringly theoretical. A quantitative appraisal of adult females s sexual individuality and how it aligns with their behaviour is good for efficaciously patterning intercession plans. A qualitative analysis and cross-organizational appraisal of organisations presently supplying services in the Chicago country is good for finding outreach efficaciousness. Ratess of infection amongst WSW are quickly on the rise, yet the research community has been slow to react. This survey aims to spanner attending to a sexual minority that is frequently overlooked by all three social sectors and foregrounding multiple barriers toward having equal attention is the first measure in bettering sexual wellness service efficaciousne ss for WSW.RESEARCH DESIGNBoth quantitative and qualitative methods will be utilized in this three-part multi-strategy research procedure A quantitative analysis and rating of bing informations from a 2009 NYC Community Health Survey ( CHS ) will turn to the intersection of sexual behaviours and individuality. From 2002 to 2008, 10,000 grownups aged 18 and supra participated in the cross-sectional study. The CHS, based on the National Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System ( BRFSS ) and conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, provides informations on a sample population alike(p) to Chicago. The quantitative part is important in that it will showcase a statistical form in the intersection of sexual behaviour with sexual individuality. This statistical form will reenforce the demand for qualitative appraisal of bing service organisations and explorative research on the mode in which an organisation determines client service.Three bing organisations functionin g WSW ( adult females who have sex with adult females ) within the metropolis of Chicago ( Planned blood of Illinois, Howard Brown Health Center s Lesbian Community Care Project, and Chicago Women s Health Center ) will be evaluated for a two-way qualitative part. Interviews with decision makers heading each organisation and studies with staff responsible for personally interacting with plan attendants will supply qualitative informations in this exploratory and informative survey. The interview responses and study consequences will so be evaluated in concurrence with an analysis of each organisation s intake signifier ( a measure paper signifier used for finding new client demands ) . Examination of said signifier will function to expose the mode in which each organisation categorizes and later dainties their clients.Textual analysis and qualitative in-depth observation of all three organisations will find whether WSW sexual wellness services are based upon the client s sexual behaviour or the sexual individuality they declared upon consumption. Pairing the qualitative ratings with the quantitative research findings from a comparable population provides greater apprehension of the service demands within Chicago, the best methods for outreach and the issues that potentially arise from these current outreach methods.

Related Literature for Inventory System

OUTPUT initiatory mean solar twenty-four hours/ Saturday Nov. 24, 2012 * Orientation of the students and student get a lineers and get the final list of official student 2nd day/ Saturday Dec. 1, 2012 * 1st checking the attendance of the students and separate them from (3 5),(6 8),(9 15) 3-5 goes to Carina, Mae and Malabunga 6-8 take in charged by Judith and Canaria while 9-15 handle by Battalier, Quientela and Berdin. 3nd day/ Saturday Dec. 8, 2012 * article of belief the students 4nd day/ Saturday Dec. 15, 2012 * Teaching the students 5nd day/ Saturday Dec. 22, 2012 * Teaching the students 6nd day/ Saturday Dec. 29, 2012 No classes because CWTS and LTS students went to Provincial Jail. 7nd day/ Saturday January 05, 2013 * (Delayed of Christmas troupe) Christmas Party of the students was medyo delayed for some reasons. We prepared games, gift and some foods to share. 8nd day/ Saturday January 12, 2013 * Continue of teaching the students 9nd day/ Saturday January 19, 2013 * T eaching the students 10th day/ Saturday January 26, 2013 * Teaching 11th day/ Saturday February 2, 2013 * Teaching 12th day/ Saturday February 9, 2013 * Teaching thirteenth day/ Saturday February 16, 2013 * Teaching 14th day/ Saturday February 23, 2013 * Teaching 15th day/ Saturday March 2, 2013 Teaching and finalizing the lessons that we teach and review all the lessons that we teach. And we all talked about their dismissal day in coming next Saturday. sixteenth day/ Saturday March 9, 2013 * Dismissal day/ party party, we dance and sing and also we eat and reflexion farewell to our beloved students. Official List of Students 3 5 + 0ne 16yrs old who doesnt even get it on how to write or read NAMEAGE 1. Rose Anne S. Arciaga 5 2. Eunice Belsa 4 3. Rejhen Dishoso 3 4. Richell Dishoso 4 5. John Lorenz Escoto 3 6. Marian Escoto 4 7. Dale Ikawat 4 8. Marvin Escoto 5 9. Denise Roldan 16 10. Lyka Mae 5 11.John Mel 5 teachers Ms. Carina Mae D. Martillos Ms. May G. Abria Ms. Maida R. Malab unga 6 8 NAMEAGE 1. Kim N. Abasolo 7 2. Gelli Ann Bonita 6 3. Jillian Bonita 8 4. Defresa Keen Valie 7 5. Christian Ibais 7 6. Jackielyn N. Mallo 8 7. Marilyn Orubia 8 8. outwear Edmon Palarca 7 9. Benjie Juares 8 instructors Ms. Judith Calajate Ms. Roselyn Canaria 9 15 NAMEAGE Female 1. Abasolo, Princess9 2. Beunavidez, Joy12 3. Dacio, Jenny9 4. Dishoso, Desiree9 5. Dishoso, Rosabel12 6. Francisco, Jessica13 7. Magdaog, April11 8. Nario, Jessa12 9. Orubia, Marinel11 10. Resuello, Francia15 11. Resuello, Jhamyca10 12. Romero, Julie Ann10Male 1. Francisco, Daryl A. 11 2. Gonzales, Bryan Paul9 3. Las Pinas, Phillipe Louis12 4. Magdaog, Jaypoy11 5. Rodriguez, Reymart11 6. Roldan, Ivan13 7. Soria, Dexter11 8. Soria, Mico11 9. Tomero, Jomar9 Teachers Ms. Luningning Battalier Ms. Elleca Jane Berdin Ms. Krizzelle Joy Quientela 3rd / Saturday Duties Battalier prepared the Berdinsnacks Martillos stand up as the teacher Abria ancillary teacher Malabunga assistant teacher Calajate stand as the teacher Canaria assistant teacher stand as the teacher assistant teacher Battalier Berdin Quientela 4th / Saturday Martillos prepared the snacksAbria assistant Martillos Teacher Abria assistant teacher Malabunga Calajate stand as the teacher Canaria assistant teacher Teacher Assistant teacher Battalier Berdin Quientela prepared the snacks 5th / Saturday Martillos Malabunga Martillos assistant teacher AbriaTeacher Malabunga assistant teacher Calajate Teacher Canaria Assistant Assistant Teacher Battalier Berdin Quientela 7th / Saturday Battalierprepared the foods Prepared the parlor games Martillos Abria Calajate Berdin Prepared the materials for the parlor games Quientela Canaria Malabunga

Eulogy of Piggy Essay

Hello, my name is Ralph. We gather here today to remember our dearest friend, loutish. Piggy was a misunderstood, unfearing boy with a big heart, only wanting what was best for his friends, whos been taken from us by savagery, stupidity and pride.I hadnt met Piggy before the crash. All I remember was waking up after it happened, and found a boy lying near a tree. When I walked over to him, we introduced severally other. I told him my name was Ralph, and waited for a reply in return. But he hesitated to tell me his name was Piggy, as he thought I would I would wiretap him, but I told him that I would never tease him about it. Later we found the conch to help us locate the other boys who had survived. When we went around introducing ourselves to the others, they werent so lenient on teasing Piggy.Piggy was a infrangible and good hearted boy, especially when the others teased him, took his glass or talked over him. Even though Jack and his hunters again and again pushed him to the edge, he would stand strong and not lose his temper, and I greatly respect him for not letting his pride or emotions go forth in to the bullies. Another thing I valued in Piggy was that he was always confirmative in the things I did, even if they went wrong or if Jack had something negative to phrase about it. Piggy had so many good qualities, that no one ever noticed which will be greatly regretted by many.To be truly truthful, Piggy was the closet thingy I had to a best friend, and it kills me to know that I will never see him again, and I guess if he was here with us today, he would say keep you head up Ralph, and everything will be alright. Piggy will be sorely missed.

Apple Powerbook Case Write-Up

subsequently the failed squeeze out of orchard apple trees first miniaturized computer, the Portable, the community was faced with the likelihood of losing signifi idlert ground in the mobile computing martplace if it didnt bring a intersection to market at memorialise speed. Apple had anticipated the Portable would be competitive enough to maintain market share until its semipermanent term Companion project was complete. However, thirty-six months remained until Companion would be ready.Weak sales coupled with Compaq introducing the farther superior LTE nonebook computer created intense pressure to bring a product to market in the conterminous 18 months that could serve as a placeholder until the Companion arrived. Bringing a product to market this quickly was no easy task. The rising portable needed to be sm every last(predicate) and compact, yet the utterly timeline meant only existing technologies would be for sale. If that was not challenging enough, the alliance cu lture was such that most products had a time-to-market of 48 months and involved a slow bureaucratic surgical movement with nine-fold departments needing to sign-on for apiece decision.Additionally, Apple compose had not fully confronted the notion that their desktop core competencies were not necessarily going to translate into success in mobile computing. despite these long odds, Apple not only prevailed, still created a radical product called the PowerBook that brought in billions of dollars in revenue and revolutionized the conventional wisdom behind the comp whatevers bearing philosophy. Part of Apples struggle in mobile computing stemmed from being the open of desktops. The company felt it k newfound what the market wanted based on its previous success.It was with the desktop in chief that Apple released the Portable, a mobile computer designed to do everything that a current desktop could do with the added benefit of being able to collapse into a carrying case an d be taken on the road. At a staggering 17 pounds and a cost of $5000, the Portable was met with plenty of skepticism and was doomed for failure. The company had simply failed to take the customers needs into consideration. Instead of making it smaller and lighter, as the market demanded, Apple focused on functionality and battery life. This contributed to problematic weight and size problems for the machine.The failure to recognize what consumers demanded wasnt Apples only development flaw. They also failed to recognize how quickly technological trends and consumer tastes were changing. The company was settle down developing products on a three to four year cycle and had yet to embrace a time-to-market philosophy. Instead priorities were dormant time-to-perfection with the company maintaining that it would not bring anything to market before its time. Additionally, they still had a desktop mentality, which meant strict design regulations that hindered the development of a sleeker , lighter computer.It was a combination of these factors that led to the failed release of the Portable and created the immediate need to development the PowerBook. As Apple scrambled to assemble the PowerBook group, the project fair game was clear get a mobile computer to market at record speed and slide by the size and weight to a minimum. The speed of develop was a major challenge to overcome and it was in general due to the organizational structure. Apple structured its company by functions and departments. And instead of dedicating specific resources for a project, each department supported all projects.This led to a cumbersome and lengthy decision making process which typically involved project managers struggling to get objectives accomplished. Often times the project manager was relegated in authority and routinely superseded by functional heads with all decisions inevitably at the mercy of the president of Apple Products, John Louis Gassee. Apple realized its current st ructure lacked the dexterity to meet its time-to-market objective and driven by necessity made several key decisions to secure time-to-market success.First, Apple made the decision to organize the company into separate divisions desktop and portable. Second, they decentralized engineering and product marketing, with the immediate goal of building a new portable engineering group. Lastly, although their Product and Industrial Design teams remained centralized, it was agreed that personnel from those teams would co-locate for the PowerBook project to ensure everyone was living the same air and talking the same talk. Revamping the organization structure was a key grade but there were still many missteps and obstacles that nearly derailed the project.One major issue was the allocation of personnel. Despite the intense pressure and importance of the PowerBook, the company still inclination of an orbited the project very low in monetary value of priority. All of the A talent was dedic ated to the Companion project and the PowerBook team was left with either immature level engineers or employees with only desktop computer experience. Inexperience coupled with intense pressure produced multiple mistakes along the way. Design standards were initially poor and prototype builds revealed several critical errors with manufacturing tolerances.All together, a list of 150 items was compiled of issues that the team felt needed to be addressed but it looked unlikely that the time and resources were available to name all the changes. Additionally, the PowerBook team had to overcome intense resistance from its manufacturing department. Manufacturing was accustomed to snap-together desktops and had a very intemperate time coming to grips with how they could possibly assemble a portable with 47 screws. The initial reaction from manufacturing was we cant build this thing.Product verification testing also proved to be treacherous. The deadline was so tight that after the manufa cturing process was well underway and thousands of displays were already in inventory the risk was still present that changes may be needed. This would produce a significant waste of resources. Lastly, the PowerBook team was confronted with bringing its new creative, ergonomic design to life, while dealing with size constraints as well as a mechanically skillful engineering team who was on the critical path and working under a well do it if we suck in time access code.Despite the long list of reasons why the project should have failed, it didnt. In the midst of all the missteps, Apple made several key decisions which propelled the project to success. One area where Apple thrived was in staffing. Although the engineers lacked experienced, the counsel involved in the project were innovative, creative, passionate, and practical. They worked tirelessly to make the project a reality and cared very profoundly about its success. It was their innovation and tireless effort that slowly c aused the project to transform.The team came to the realization that a notebook was not a piece of business equipment that someone operated it was a personal object with which they formed a relationship. It was this realization that drove the projects success. The project became not only about size but about ergonomics and about finding a way to form a connection with the user. It was with this approach that ingenious designs such as the center-mouse trackball and the use of curves took hold.Slowly the PowerBook was morphed from a product simply meant to catch-up to the market to something that surpassed any other notebook available. The team also made several other key decisions that made the PowerBook a success. One key determination was to include the internal floppy drive. There was untold discussion if this was a necessary component yet key members of the project argued for its inclusion and it was later determined the product would not have been nearly as successful without it.Another key decision was dealing with the 150 issues that were place after the prototype build. Originally, only 5 to 10 items were going to be changed. However after much discussion, it was determined the PowerBook would not be a success unless they fixed every last issue. To complete such a major overhaul in a short period of time they pulled all resources from the stallion portable organization and were able to complete all the modifications in a reasonable amount of time.As one project member later admitted, fixing all 150 items turned the PowerBook into something that I would be proud of versus a piece of junk. One final trait that the PowerBook team used to make the project a success was persuasiveness. There was organizational resistance throughout the project. From convincing senior circumspection to embrace the ergonomic design to convincing manufacturing that they had the ability to assemble a computer with 47 screws, the team used persuasiveness throughout the proje ct to eventually turn a vision into reality.Apple at last took a big risk with the PowerBook and it paid tremendous dividends. Along the way they learned a big(p) deal about listening to their customer and designing to their preferences. The company transformed from designing around uniform parameters to instead designing to the customers specific desires. Consequently, their product line became more flexible and filmable to the marketplace. Apple also matured operationally during this process.Prior to the PowerBook, the organization was not designed to be time-to-market, save necessity forced Apple to restructure to keep pace with competition. The companys human capital also benefited heavily. Mobile computer experience was at a minimum prior to the project, however the process eventually led to a much smoother release of the Companion computer several geezerhood later. The PowerBook project was fraught with potential disaster. But inevitably the company overcame many advers ities and released a revolutionary product that redefined the standard of excellence in mobile computing.

Becoming a Healthy Team: Five Traits of Vital Leadership

Stephen A. Macchia, who is the writer of this hold, is the damp head of Leadership Transformations group. This has been a ministry which mainly focuses spiritual needs which aceers together with their roles is supposed to know in day operation of fellowship or in ministry activity in churches two local and international.Creation of team has proved to be difficult as described by Stephen A. Macchia. He goes yet to record that its hard to motivate and lead most teams, since they can tend to inspire greatness into a leader and sometimes discourage someone to lead.Teams can be assembled together in a ill-considered while and at the same time they can disintegrate apart faster. Thus, this is why he motto a need to write more about building and managing a team. For a healthy and swell up organized team, it should possess characteristics of understanding, friendship, efficiency and effectiveness of team work which could lead to vitality of the team. Discussion Stephen A. Macchia, summarized his louvre traits of a team as TEAMS meaning Trust, Empowerment, Assimilation, Management, and Service.He discussed all this with guidance from bible plus reflection questions at the end of each chapter. In this contain, he formed a valuable team building resources for both pastors and leaders of the ministries, and also for other individuals who are most of the time involved in leadership wreak or role. From the back page, he explains how healthy and essential its for building a formidable team. The writer of this book has helped legion(predicate) churches to get around effectiveness in church service. Currently, he has concentrated on provision of virtual(a) leadership practices which leadership team does the same.He illustrates ways of trusting, empowering, assimilating, managing and serving. Lacking efficiency in our church leadership teams may lead to a failure in ministering. This book is outline with guidelines, which shows one to a soundly outgrowth of a team together with questions aligned with their answers of actual leadership to control and maintain teams leadership track. As they face challenges. In most cases this challenges will rarely be handled spiritually or with clear approach want Stephen Macchia.In case someone is part of the ministerial team, one is advised to miss this book- Larry Crabb, the originator of New Way Ministry. It has been described that for one to be a great leader or team member, then greatness is the least expected. Stephens approach to building a great team has compete an important role the literature. Compelling and appealing, this is a must-read for leaders who desire to build a biblical Spirit-led team. -other authors like Luis Palau, a healthy Church, Becoming a Healthy Church Workbook, and Becoming a Healthy Disciple.To shed a healthy church, Stephen illustrated ways of being lifted ahead and developing healthy church. It has been emphasized further that a healthy church will require assumin g risks and their management together with prompt evaluation. Stephens book is a real and practical publication which has been essential in transforming churches and leadership in ministries. absolute majority of churches and leaders have tried to implement the main traits and their effect have been applied in many churches worldwide regardless of their denomination, race and size.He suggested that the tool he could suggest to churches is being guided by the purpose. The nurturing of the most remarkable qualities will be guided by God, so that churches can obtain a good revival. Conclusion Stephens book has greatly made a good support in transmutation of churches and leadership development universally. His alertness and spiritual guidance has strengthened the pillars of local churches. By reading this book one will find a spiritual guidance in undertaking leadership activities in churches. He has focused on spiritual development of leaders in local churches.He has also scripted ex emplary books like Becoming a healthy disciple and church. He has helped many churches in the develop revival of healthy ministries. Nowadays he offer practical leadership training of church leaders, as he show them how to be trusted, empowered, assimilated, managed and served, which provides the TEAMS spelling. He has emphasized on the needs of teams which when not considered will lead to their failure. Reference Macchia, Stephen A. (2005). Becoming a Healthy Team Five Traits of Vital Leadership, New York Baker Books